Addiction, increasingly perceived as a heterogeneous brain disorder, is one of the most peculiar psychiatric pathologies in that its management involves various, often non-overlapping, resources from the biological, psychological, medical, economical, social, and legal realms. Despite extensive efforts from the players of these various fields, to date there are no reliably effective treatments of addiction. This may stem from a lack of understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of this disorder as well as from the lack of interest into the potential differences among patients in the way they interact compulsively with their drug. This book offers an overview of the psychobiology of addiction and its current management strategies from pharmacological, social, behavioural, and psychiatric points of view.

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Over the past many years, new and novel antibiotics have been developed against resistant bacterial species, but their increased clinical usage has led to reduced bacterial susceptibility and increased bacterial resistance to these novel agents. When a new antibiotic is developed, bacterial species initially show susceptibility to the agent, but with the passage of time, as the use of the antibiotic increases, the bacterial species acquire resistance against the drug or even the drug class. This book provides a comprehensive overview of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the obstacles to implementing and maintaining such programs. Antimicrobial stewardship is an important part of a multifaceted approach to preventing the emergence of antibiotic resistance in various microbial species. The book highlights the basic and initial steps necessary for initiating an antimicrobial stewardship program, as well as explores the different strategies of antimicrobial stewardship.

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This open access book explores the expectations surrounding dementia, what it ‘looks like’ and how people have been treated by others. It aims to raise awareness of the different types of dementia, and how they impact the brain, body, and lived experience, including experience of Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Posterior Cortical Atrophy, Frontotemporal Dementia, Semantic Dementia, and Lewy Body Dementia. The co-authors reflect on their experience with informal and formal care, before finishing with a focus on the spectrum of dementia research from clinical trials to user-led research. Throughout the book, co-authors have shared personal stories of how dementia has affected them and people with lived experience of dementia share what they wish people knew about living with the disease. Co-produced by people with lived experience of dementia, academics and health care professionals, this book is an accessible resource about dementia from the perspective of people actively involved in the field and essential reading for healthcare professionals wishing to learn more about the experience of this neuroprogressive condition, as well as policymakers, and members of the public.

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This book Clinical Trials in Vulnerable Populations has 12 chapters divided into 4 sections: Minority Patients, Women, Medically Compromised Patients and Clinical Trials. Contributing authors came from several countries, from Serbia to Turkey. The book was edited by Professor Milica Prostran MD, Ph.D., specialist in Clinical Pharmacology. The potential reader is shown a modern approach to clinical trials in vulnerable populations, from different points of view. The chapters deal at length and clarity with their topics. Finally, I believe, that this book I edited and reviewed with dedication will capture the attention of many readers, from medical students to practicing doctors and pharmacists. All of whom must consider this very important field of medicine: clinical trials in vulnerable patients.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed healthcare systems worldwide. Even as the world transitions out of the pandemic, numerous health threats remain, the biggest of which is climate change. This book examines both the virus and climate change in the context of international health security. It begins with chapters on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy and the perinatal period and its relationship to toxic stress. Subsequent chapters address climate change and its effects on human health and wellbeing, natural disaster frequency and severity, and occupational accidents.

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International health security (IHS) is a broad and highly heterogeneous area. Within this general context, IHS encompasses subdomains that potentially influence (and more specifically endanger) the well-being and wellness of humans. The general umbrella of IHS includes, but is not limited to, natural disasters, emerging infectious diseases (EID) and pandemics, rapid urbanization, social determinants of health, population growth, systemic racism and discrimination, environmental matters, civilian violence and warfare, various forms of terrorism, misuse of antibiotics, and the misuse of social media. The need for this expanded definition of health security stems from the realization that topics such as EID; food, water, and pharmaceutical supply chain safety; medical and health information cybersecurity; and bioterrorism, although important within the overall realm of health security, are not only able to actively modulate the wellness and health of human populations, but also tend to do so in a synergistic fashion. This inaugural tome of a multi-volume collection, Contemporary Developments and Perspectives in International Health Security, introduces many of the topics directly relevant to modern IHS theory and practice. This first volume provides a solid foundation for future installments of this important and relevant book series.

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Providing and enhancing high-quality, safe patient care is both a complex process and essential to healthcare evolution. Ranging from pre-hospital environments to clinical milieus in emergency departments, gastrointestinal procedure units, operating rooms, rehabilitation facilities, and critical care units, every element of complex clinical arenas offers opportunities for improvement, including promoting patient and staff safety, optimizing clinical outcomes, enhancing clinical cooperation between service providers, boosting care efficiency, and reducing excessive costs. This book discusses clinical infrastructures, theoretical advisements, cooperative team-building considerations, and an assortment of clinical principles essential to a better understanding of patient safety in the context of complex clinical care, both in and out of the hospital environment. In addition, this collection outlines strategies important to the effective incorporation of enhanced patient safety protocols and principles that are central to improving healthcare networks and systems. The principles, ideas, and challenges presented in this book apply to both resource-abundant and resource-limited environments as well as to global health networks, which continue to evolve with respect to their own unique challenges, cultures, and other characteristics. This book highlights different modes of healthcare delivery across diverse outpatient, prehospital, and inpatient settings with the aim of improving the patient experience while focusing on safety as an integral component of modern health care. The themes discussed in this volume focus on the core issues of distinguishing and promoting opportunities for the advancement of perpetual improvement of clinical practice among individuals and groups of practitioners as well as the importance of designing and implementing safety-centric institutional processes.

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Ensuring the delivery of quality, accessible, affordable, and safe healthcare presents an ongoing complex challenge crucial to the progression and advancement of modern healthcare systems. In addition to providing the highest quality health care to patients, healthcare leadership and systems must also provide for the safety and security of healthcare providers throughout the entire, complex healthcare conglomerate, including pre-hospital providers, pharmacists, patient care technicians, radiological technicians, nurses, physical therapists, physician extenders, and physicians. Every aspect of care provided merits consideration for quality improvement, augmenting clinical efficiency, promoting effective, efficient collaboration and coordination between different clinical services, curtailing exorbitant healthcare costs, and boosting patient and provider safety. This third installment of Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety examines a broad variety of interrelated connected themes corresponding to the benefits and challenges of providing safety-focused quality patient care via improved clinical infrastructure, conceptual planning, symbiotic team-building enhancements, and sage leadership. The elements, issues, and dilemmas discussed in this textbook pertain to both resource-replete and resource-challenged nations, and to worldwide health systems, which develop uniquely in response to unique, local conundrums and dilemmas. Topics discussed in this volume address the central factors of identifying and facilitating the promotion of continual advancement of clinical routines and regimens among individuals and medical teams as well as institutional practices towards enhanced safety and improved outcomes.

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Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries. NTDs affect more than one billion people and cost developing economies billions of dollars every year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), NTDs mainly affect populations living in poverty, without adequate sanitation, and in close contact with infectious vectors, domestic animals, and livestock. Migration, as well as climate change and variability, are key factors in NTD prevalence. Therefore, NTDs deserve more study. Recently, viruses transmitted by vectors (arboviruses) that affect not only people living in the tropics, but also travelers and migrating populations, have been causing epidemics. Examples of these viruses include Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Mayaro, and encephalitis viruses. These viruses emerge and reemerge in multiple regions of the world, as occurred in the Americas recently (2013-2017) with Chikungunya and Zika. This book aims to update the significant epidemiological and clinical research of NTDs in many aspects with a multinational perspective.

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Public Health is regarded as the basis and cornerstone of health, generally and in medicine. Defined as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals, this discipline has been renewed by the incorporation of multiple actors, professions, knowledge areas and it has also been impacted and promoted by multiple technologies, particularly - the information technology. As a changing field of knowledge, Public Health requires evidence-based information and regular updates. Current Topics in Public Health presents updated information on multiple topics related to actual areas of interest in this growing and exciting medical science, with the conception and philosophy that we are working to improve the health of the population, rather than treating diseases of individual patients, taking decisions about collective health care that are based on the best available, current, valid and relevant evidence, and finally within the context of available resources. With participation of authors from multiple countries, many from developed and developing ones, this book offers a wide geographical perspective. Finally, all these characteristics make this book an excellent update on many subjects of world public health.

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Tropical emerging diseases pose a significant risk for the circulation of old and new pathogens in areas previously unknown, also implying the possibility of new morbidities and mortalities and new consequences for naïve populations. Globalization, migration and travel are key factors for tropical diseases, and represent the need for integration of tropical medicine, travel medicine and epidemiology in the understanding of such complex situations. Neglected tropical diseases such as leprosy or Chagas disease, arboviral diseases, HIV, Ebola, and arenaviral infections are just a few examples. This book tries to update significant epidemiological and clinical research in many aspects with a multinational perspective.

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This edited book Dengue - Immunopathology and Control Strategies contains eight chapters divided in three sections that underline important aspects of dengue virus, the most prevalent and life-threatening arbovirus in the world, including virus replication cycle and pathology, diagnostic methods, and control. The first section brings knowledge on basic aspects of dengue virus replication which can be associated to its immunopathology. The second section includes two chapters on dengue diagnosis and emphasizes that in spite of the many scientific efforts, this subject continues to be a drawback in the disease control. Vector-based control strategies are discussed in the third section which also contains a chapter on regulation of dengue vaccines and the experience of Mexico in the implementation of the unique registered dengue vaccine.

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As the costs and resources of delivering health services have increased over the years, the importance of evaluating health services and interventions has become essential. An evaluation provides a systematic process of assessing the efficacy and efficiency of health services, including an assessment of their impact on beneficiaries, whether it be individuals or communities. Evaluation in the health sector includes the evaluation of burden disease where human and economic costs resulting from poor health are measured.In this book, various evaluation studies are detailed, providing an excellent resource for both evaluation practitioners and academics alike. The geographical range and variety of case studies showcase how evaluation has become integral for health service planning and assessment and to assist public health policy makers decide how to use limited resources to minimize burden and inequity. This book will act as a ready resource for both workers experienced in health service evaluation and those intending to learn about burden of disease of evaluation.

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Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced to the best benefit of the patient. It has transformed the pathophysiological approach to the outcome approach of today's treatments. Disease-oriented to patient-oriented medicine. And, for some, daily medical practice from patient oriented to case oriented medicine. Evidence has changed the paternalistic way of medical practice. And gave room to patients, who show a tendency towards partnership. Although EBM has introduced a different way of thinking in the day to day medical practice, there is plenty of space for implementation and improvement. This book is meant to provoke the thinker towards the unlimited borders of caring for the patient.

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The current book, Global Health Security - Contemporary Considerations and Developments, represents a collective work of multiple authors from around the world, with an ultimate goal of providing the reader with a comprehensive exploration of critical issues shaping modern global health security, especially in the post-COVID-19 reality of today. It not only highlights the latest trends, challenges, and advancements shaping the field but also delves into unique topics like the impact of geopolitical tensions and barriers, funding gaps, intentional and unintentional misuse of social media platforms, medical and health misinformation, and the need for greater equity and inclusivity. Moreover, the book outlines potential future directions for strengthening global health security, including the enhancement of multisectoral collaboration, investment in research and development, and promotion of health equity. These are critical measures that can help address the current challenges facing our planet following the most devastating pandemic in over a century. This collection of expert manuscripts provides valuable insights and practical recommendations that can help inform policy decisions and guide future research and development efforts. We hope that the reader will find this book to be an essential resource, especially for those looking to gain a deeper understanding of the issues surrounding global health security.

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With chapters from internationally renowned scholars in the field, this authoritative reference work synthesizes the science on a topic that has changed our culture more than perhaps any other in the past thirty years. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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This open access book takes a multidisciplinary approach to provide a holistic understanding of late old age, and situates the aged person within the context of family, caregivers, clinical and other institutions. All through the book, the author discusses preparedness for an aging individual as well as the society in the Indian context. The book highlights inevitable but mostly neglected health issues like depression, dementia, fall, and frailty and provides detailed analyses of solutions that are practicable in low resource settings. It also brings up intergenerational differences and harmony in the context of holistic care of older Indians. Alongside clinical perspectives, the book uses narratives of elderly patients to dwell on the myriad of problems and issues that constitute old age healthcare. Demonstrating cases that range from the most influential to the most underprivileged elderly in India, the book enlightens multiple caregivers—doctors, nurses, and professional caregivers, but also family members—about the dynamic approach required in dealing with complex issues related to late old age. The narratives make the book relatable and interesting to non-academic readers, with important lessons for gerontological and geriatric caregiving. It is also of use to older adults in preparing for active aging.

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This open access book takes a multidisciplinary approach to provide a holistic understanding of late old age, and situates the aged person within the context of family, caregivers, clinical and other institutions. All through the book, the author discusses preparedness for an aging individual as well as the society in the Indian context. The book highlights inevitable but mostly neglected health issues like depression, dementia, fall, and frailty and provides detailed analyses of solutions that are practicable in low resource settings. It also brings up intergenerational differences and harmony in the context of holistic care of older Indians. Alongside clinical perspectives, the book uses narratives of elderly patients to dwell on the myriad of problems and issues that constitute old age healthcare. Demonstrating cases that range from the most influential to the most underprivileged elderly in India, the book enlightens multiple caregivers—doctors, nurses, and professional caregivers, but also family members—about the dynamic approach required in dealing with complex issues related to late old age. The narratives make the book relatable and interesting to non-academic readers, with important lessons for gerontological and geriatric caregiving. It is also of use to older adults in preparing for active aging.

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Health Inequality - A Comprehensive Exploration is an insightful and significant work delving into the complex realm of health disparities and their multifaceted impact on society. This book skillfully bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical realities, presenting a holistic view of health inequality from various global perspectives. It navigates through the foundational concepts of health equity, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms that perpetuate disparities in health outcomes. The exploration extends to diverse dimensions of health inequality, including the influences of environmental factors like climate change and specific health issues such as tobacco use. The content is curated to appeal to a wide range of readers, from public health professionals and policymakers to scholars and students interested in health equity. Its multidisciplinary approach offers a unique amalgamation of perspectives, from public health to environmental sciences, making it an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to understand the complexities of health inequality in today's world. The comprehensive coverage of the book, coupled with its engaging narrative, ensures that readers not only grasp the theoretical aspects of health inequality but also understand the real-world implications. Health Inequality - A Comprehensive Exploration stands out as an essential read for those looking to deepen their understanding of this critical issue and its broader societal impact, positioning itself as a key resource in the ongoing conversation about achieving health equity globally.

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Health insurance is the mechanism used to cover medical expenses for illness, injuries, and other health conditions. There are a variety of health insurance systems in the world. A major challenge for low- and middle-income countries is the provision of universal health coverage (UHC), which is the United Nations’ Sustainability Development Goal Target 3.8.This book examines issues of providing UHC in different health systems around the world, with examples from the Philippines, Portugal, Nigeria, Slovenia, and the United States.

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The term “health literacy” was used for the first time in 1974 at a conference on health education and social policy; its definition has evolved over time to encompass both the patient’s understanding and their ability to process and interpret the health information they receive. The WHO defines health literacy as “the social and cognitive skills that determine the level of motivation and the ability of a person to access, understand and use information in a way that allows them to promote and maintain good health”. Literacy in health not only means that the person understands the information that the health professional gives them or that comes to them but also implies that they know how to identify accurate and appropriate information, how to interpret and judge this information, and are able to apply it according to individual circumstances and needs.

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Healthcare Access - Regional Overviews is a compilation of ten chapters consisting of case studies, research works, reviews, and expert opinions providing insight on the previous and current developments in the field of hygiene and infection control with practices to prevent or minimize the spread of infectious diseases. The book also addresses the status and healthcare access of the most neglected segments in less developed countries. All chapters are written by global researchers are edited by experts in the field. The information presented in this work can be replicated at different levels to accelerate timely and quality healthcare services.

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Access to health care is the ability to receive health services for the prevention, detection, and treatment of disorders that affect health. For health care to be accessible, it must be affordable and able to protect and improve health. There are myriad reasons that may make access to health services difficult or even impossible. These include economic problems, conflicts, climate change, internal and external migrations, beliefs, and so on. This book examines many of these barriers to health care and proposes solutions for overcoming them.

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What does it mean to age well? This important new book redefines what ‘successful’ ageing means, challenging the idea that physical health is the only criteria to gauge the ageing process and that an ageing population is necessarily a burden upon society. Using Sen’s Capability Approach as a theoretical starting point Healthy Ageing: A Capability Approach to Inclusive Policy and Practice outlines a nuanced perspective that transcends the purely biomedical view, recognising ideas of resilience, as well as the experiences of older people themselves in determining what it means to age well. It builds to provide a comprehensive response to the overarching discourse that successful ageing is simply about eating well and exercising, acknowledging not only that older people are not always able to follow such advice, but also that well-being is mediated by factors beyond the physical. In an era where ageing has become such an important topic for policy makers, this is a robust and timely response that examines what it means to live well as an older person. It will be hugely valuable not only for students of gerontology and social care, but also professionals working in the field.

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This book focuses on several underestimated topics in palliative care. Seven chapters have been divided into four sections: Ethical Issues, Volunteers in Palliative Care, Special Circumstances, and Prognostic Models in Palliative Care. The underestimated topics concern several ethical themes such as the Balance sheets of suffering, Good Death, Euthanasia, Assisted suicide, and the question of the 'Do not attempt resuscitation'. In addition, the role of volunteers, the approach to non-malignant diseases such as diabetes and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis are also addressed. Finally, the features and utility of different tools in order to facilitate optimal decision making for both physicians and patients, are given in details. This book will aid several figures facing the daily challenges of palliative care. Clinicians, nurses, volunteers, students and resident trainees, and other professionals can find this volume useful in their very difficult but extraordinarily fascinating mission.

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Safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene are crucial to human health and wellbeing. These factors are a prerequisite to health since they play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of numerous waterborne pathogens and chemical contaminants. Another important factor that can affect people’s health is air pollution. Special attention needs to be paid to developing countries, as these factors not only affect human health but also contribute to livelihoods, school attendance, and dignity and help create resilient communities living in healthy environments. This book provides insights into different aspects of hygiene, sanitation, water, and air pollution and their potential correlation with infectious diseases and human health. It also addresses important challenges and opportunities for improvement in developing countries. These are priority areas in which the world’s leading health and humanitarian organizations, such as the WHO and UNICEF, are working intensively.

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This book is projected as a preliminary manuscript in Infectious Disease. It is undertaken to cover the foremost basic features of the articles. Infectious Disease and analogous phenomenon have been one of the main imperative postwar accomplishments in the world. The book expects to provide its reader, who does not make believe to be a proficient mathematician, an extensive preamble to the field of infectious disease. It may immeasurably assist the Scientists and Research Scholars for continuing their investigate workings on this discipline. Numerous productive and precise illustrated descriptions with a number of analyses have been included. The book offers a smooth and continuing evolution from the principally disease oriented lessons to a logical advance, providing the researchers with a compact groundwork for upcoming studies in this subject.

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This edited volume, “Maternal and Child Health Matters Around the World”, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of medicine. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the medical research area. All chapters are complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on maternal and child health matters around the world, and open new possible research paths for further novel developments.

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Despite enormous technical and scientific advances in medicine, neglected tropical diseases continue to be a major challenge in many regions of the world. As a result, the health systems of developing countries are overwhelmed by a double burden of disease, one represented by common health problems and another represented by these diseases. This situation generates wear and tear in all system components, making it ineffective, but also causes the gaps in health to become increasingly larger. This book provides general information on the problem of neglected tropical diseases. It is a current and updated reference to the problem in question that provides examples of the way in which health systems deal with neglected tropical diseases by seeking innovative solutions.

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Discover cutting-edge research and novel approaches in nursing education and practice in this comprehensive collection. This book offers an overview of the latest advancements in nursing. All authors received global acclaim for the relevance of their research for clinical interventions and the discovery of the transformative potential of the integration of new technology in clinical practice. This book explores the challenges and opportunities faced by healthcare professionals in today's complex global healthcare environment. The authors clearly emphasize the role of education in shaping nursing practice for developing the next generation of nursing providers since the quality of clinical competences has a powerful impact on therapeutic progression and recovery from illness. This book presents a comprehensive overview of clinical research and education that aims to help healthcare providers give their patients the best treatments for different metabolic and psychiatric diseases. Whether you are a patient, student, or experienced professional seeking to expand your knowledge, this volume is a valuable resource. It provides a state-of-the-art review of different aspects of nursing research and education and is recommended for everyone who is focused on the care of patients, their families, and their communities.

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The Nursing - New Perspectives book covers nursing services and related topics of interest. The book includes innovative nursing services that will positively affect patient safety such as leadership in nursing, patient-nurse conflict, patient safety and medical errors, nurses’ perspective, simulation, collaboration, communication and quality in care. Various experts from around the world have made valuable contributions to the book. I especially thank them. With these broad advanced topics covered in this particular book, no doubt the clinician, researcher, or any reader will find this book valuable in guiding them to grasp a new understanding and to keep up-to-date with information on nursing services.

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Nursing - Trends and Developments brings together different, innovative, and challenging perspectives on the future of nursing. It includes eleven chapters that discuss innovation and technology, teaching and learning, and trends and development in nursing.

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This book provides comprehensive insights into all aspects of nursing care and research, with an up-to-date assessment of current clinical practices worldwide. Today’s nurses play a significant role in clinical settings not only as caregivers, but also as educators and patient advocates helping all types of people from different socioeconomic backgrounds, religious beliefs, and political alignments. With most countries impacted negatively by the Covid-19 pandemic, and significant global health disparities remaining, the concept of “global health” is now well accepted. Nurses and other healthcare providers across the world are doing their best to come up with effective treatments for many diseases, both common and rare, and recognize that it is important to treat not only the physiological and pathological presentations of disease but also patients’ emotional needs. The quality of patient care and clinical competences have a powerful impact on therapeutic progression and recovery. This book aims to help healthcare providers and facilities give their patients excellent treatment and experiences, with a team of international experts presenting their best practices in the treatment of different metabolic and psychiatric diseases and conditions. The book is recommended for nurses, healthcare professionals, students and patients who are focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities.

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This is one of the few books nurses wrote on their own professional and educational challenges. Therefore, the book is of great importance to nurses and nursing teachers. It covers various topics from standardized education to the professional pathology of nurses and the nurses' approach to different chapters of human pathology. We are proud to present you a true example of inclusivity, because our book benefits from a global perspective, including chapters written by specialists from four continents, each reflecting and sharing their own experience. The book is useful not only to nurse practitioners, teachers, or students but in general to any healthcare provider interested in getting awareness on the complex field of nursing. We hope that you will read this book with pleasure and profit from it, which we hope reflects the “pathway to success” of our profession.

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This open access volume focuses on the development of a P5 eHealth, or better, a methodological resource for developing the health technologies of the future, based on patients’ personal characteristics and needs as the fundamental guidelines for design. It provides practical guidelines and evidence based examples on how to design, implement, use and elevate new technologies for healthcare to support the management of incurable, chronic conditions. The volume further discusses the criticalities of eHealth, why it is difficult to employ eHealth from an organizational point of view or why patients do not always accept the technology, and how eHealth interventions can be improved in the future. By dealing with the state-of-the-art in eHealth technologies, this volume is of great interest to researchers in the field of physical and mental healthcare, psychologists, stakeholders and policymakers as well as technology developers working in the healthcare sector.

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The need for Palliative Care is increasing around the world due to demographic change, the extension of the lifespan in general and the advances of medical and oncological treatment. In Palliative Care quality of life and family-centred care are paramount. The book, entitled Palliative Care - Current Practice and Future Perspectives, offers an insightful introduction to different concepts and approaches, presenting a multidisciplinary perspective and diverse ways of insights provided by a team of authors from various disciplines and regions across Europe, Asia, and Africa. The different chapters divided into five sections provide an insight into current practices from different fields and countries. It highlights current knowledge and experiences and discusses ideas for the future development of Palliative Care.

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“Personalized Medicine, in Relation to Redox State, Diet and Lifestyle” is a book on the important issues regarding good health and a need for more selective and sensitive systems to identify diseases. It is a complex issue. Presently, in 2020 we have the fight against Coronavirus with high lethality and the world is asking for information on its metabolism, spread and tools to prevent, protect and cure. The complexity of diseases indicate that we must involve diet and lifestyle at the individual level and discuss the possible impact on evolutionary defense systems. We also need to include discussions of the redox state of compounds and this requires collaborations between research areas. The book has gathered interdisciplinary works, joining fields such as trace elements, biochemistry, physiology and analytical chemistry with the aim of finding new approaches to diseases, for example by using individual treatment at the cellular level.

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This book discusses post-COVID health conditions, ranging from mental health issues to central nervous system complications. It also examines prevention strategies such as vaccination and early treatments. There is also a chapter dedicated to the pandemic in Latin America and Mexico, where socioeconomic inequalities may exacerbate the health complications of the virus. This volume is a valuable resource for public health decision-makers and other interested readers.

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"Both among scientists and clinical practitioners, some find it easier to rely upon trivial explanations, while others never stop looking for answers". With these surprising words, Augusto Murri, an Italian master in clinical medicine, reminds us that medical practice should be a continuous journey towards knowledge and the quality of care. The book brings together contributions by over 50 authors from many countries, all around the world, from Europe to Africa, from Asia to Australia, from North to South America. Different cultures are presented together, from those with advanced technologies to those of intangible spirituality, but they are all connected by five professional attributes, that in the 1978 the Institute of Medicine (IOM)1 stated as essentials of practicing good Primary Care: accessibility, comprehensiveness, coordination, continuity and accountability. The content of the book is organized according to these 5 attributes, to give the reader an international overview of hot topics and new insights in Primary Care, all around the world.

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Primary health care is a building block of a community’s public health services. Its main purpose is to prevent health problems in individuals and the public at large. It also plays a key role in environmental health. As such, primary health care is essential for all healthcare systems worldwide. This book provides a comprehensive overview of primary health care.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal and progressive disease, characterized by progressive muscles weakness, with consequent loss of physical capacities. Patients become relentlessly immobile and, in the late stages of the disease, develop a "locked-in" state in which only residual muscular movement is possible, but the intellect and the personality usually remain unimpaired. At now, there is no cure for ALS. The psychological impact of the disease is huge, on both patients and caregivers. Aim of the present Research Topic is to collect new evidence about quality of life, depression, anxiety, pain, spiritual and existential issues, hope and hopelessness in the ALS field, with attention to both patients and their caregivers. Emphasis will be provided to the investigation of psychological support and the possible role of psychologists in this challenging field. Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Health Psychology; Clinical Psychology, Motor Neuron Disorder; Quality of Life. Subtopics:The subtopics to be covered in the Research Topic include, but not limited to:1. Assessment of psychological variables in ALS2. Quality of life during the course of the illness3. Impact of technological assistance to illness (wheelchairs, NIV...)4. Interfaces among biological, psychosocial, and social factors5. Psychological and psychotherapeutic interventions6. Couple and family relationships7. Research methodology, measurement and statistics8. Cultural and social features of ALS9. Professional issues, including training and supervision10. Implications of research findings for health-related policy

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Psychology of Health - Biopsychosocial Approach is based on the bio-psychosocial model of health, which aims to examine how biological, psychological, and social factors influence people's behavior regarding their health status. This book reflects the application of the bio-psychosocial model of health in many disciplines such as public health, psychology, psychiatric, mental health, community health, and nursing education. All the authors of this book have demonstrated how the bio-psychosocial model played an important role in addressing mental disease, tuberculosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obesity. This is an important book for students, academics, policy-makers, and community health practitioners.

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The main aim of modern public health is to improve the quality of life and promote health for all. Public health deals with a wide range of individuals and collaborates with various organizations, departments, and agencies to improve health, forestall disease and promote well-being. The field of public health is constantly evolving in response to the needs of communities and populations that are facing demographic, epidemiological and technological challenges. To overcome these challenges, health professionals need to conduct research to generate evidence-based policies to improve the health of the community. Throughout the course of this book, a number of emerging and re-emerging public health issues from different countries are discussed and attempts are made to illustrate a balanced and evidence-based approach towards tackling major public health problems.

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Public health entails the use of models, technologies, experience and evidence derived through consumer participation, translational research and population sciences to protect and improve the health of the population. Enhancing public health is of significant importance to the development of a nation, particularly for developing countries where the health care system is underdeveloped, fragile or vulnerable.This book examines progress and challenges with regards to public health in developing countries in two parts: Part 1 “General and Crosscutting Issues in Public Health and Case Studies” and Part 2 “Country-Specific Issues in Public Health.” For example, assuring equity for marginalized indigenous groups and other key populations entails the application of transdisciplinary interventions including legislation, advocacy, financing, empowerment and de-stigmatization. The diverse structural, political, economic, technological, geographical and social landscape of developing countries translates to unique public health challenges, infrastructure and implementation trajectories in addressing issues such as vector-borne diseases and intimate partner violence.This volume will be of interest to researchers, health ministry policy makers, public health professionals and non-governmental organizations whose work entails collaborations with public health systems of developing nations and regions.

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Although it is well-accepted that drug addiction is a major public health concern, how we address it as a society continues to evolve as recent advances in the lab and clinic clarify the nature of the problem and influence our views. This unique collection of eight chapters reviews key findings on the neurobiology and therapeutics of addiction while capturing the diversity of perspectives that shape these concepts, which range from evolutionary biology to psychiatry to the legal system. This book discusses in depth how technological advances have led to important discoveries and how these discoveries, in turn, are increasingly being translated into clinical practice. It also presents avenues for future study that hold promise for the many affected by addiction.

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In this eye-opening exploration, the authors bring together years of research, on-the-ground insights, and a vision for the future of rural health. Through engaging narratives, data-driven analysis, and thought-provoking case studies, this book sheds light on the critical issues that affect the well-being of millions living outside urban centers. Rural Health - Investment, Research and Implications is an essential read for healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers, and anyone passionate about the well-being of rural communities. It offers a roadmap to a brighter, healthier future for those often left in the shadows, highlighting the immense potential of rural America and the transformative power of investment and research in shaping a more equitable healthcare landscape. Join the conversation, be part of the solution, and uncover the untapped potential of rural health. This book is a call to action for a healthier, more inclusive future for all.

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Smoking can lead to a variety of ongoing complications in the body, as well as long-term effects on body systems. While smoking can increase the risk of a variety of problems over several years, some of the bodily effects are immediate. This book provides a comprehensive overview of opinions and research findings on smoking and its harmful effects and serves as a valuable reference for researchers and the general public. The issue of electronic cigarettes is one of the most controversial topics in public health. This book also provides an overview of electronic cigarettes and their efficacy as smoking cessation aids. Because there is intense debate and dividing opinions about their use patterns and health concerns, up-to-date evidence of the health risks and safety of electronic cigarettes are discussed. This book also highlights the policies and regulations on electronic cigarettes that vary across countries. Lastly, readers are also enlightened on the future perspectives of electronic cigarettes and whether they are a threat or an opportunity for public health.

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Drawing on interdisciplinary, cross-national perspectives, this open access book contributes to the development of a coherent scientific discourse on social exclusion of older people. The book considers five domains of exclusion (services; economic; social relations; civic and socio-cultural; and community and spatial domains), with three chapters dedicated to analysing different dimensions of each exclusion domain. The book also examines the interrelationships between different forms of exclusion, and how outcomes and processes of different kinds of exclusion can be related to one another. In doing so, major cross-cutting themes, such as rights and identity, inclusive service infrastructures, and displacement of marginalised older adult groups, are considered. Finally, in a series of chapters written by international policy stakeholders and policy researchers, the book analyses key policies relevant to social exclusion and older people, including debates linked to sustainable development, EU policy and social rights, welfare and pensions systems, and planning and development. The book’s approach helps to illuminate the comprehensive multidimensionality of social exclusion, and provides insight into the relative nature of disadvantage in later life. With 77 contributors working across 28 nations, the book presents a forward-looking research agenda for social exclusion amongst older people, and will be an important resource for students, researchers and policy stakeholders working on ageing.

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This open access book applies insights from the network perspective in health research to explain the reproduction of health inequalities. It discusses the extant literature in this field that strongly correlates differences in social status with health behaviours and outcomes, and add to this literature by providing a coherent theoretical explanation for the causes of these health inequalities. It also shows that much research is needed on the precise factors and the social and socio-psychological mechanisms that are at play in creating and cementing social inequalities in health behaviours. While social support and social relations have received considerable attention within social and behavioural science research on health inequalities, this book considers the whole network of interpersonal relations, structures and influence mechanisms. This is the perspective of the social network analytical approach which has recently gained much attention in health research. The chapters of this book cover state-of-the-art research, open research questions, and perspectives for future research. The book provides network analyses on health inequalities from the perspective of sociology, psychology, and public health and is of interest to a wide range of scholars, students and practitioners trying to understand how health inequalities are reproduced across generations.

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Das Open Acess Buch «Soziale Arbeit in der Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe der Deutschsprachigen Schweiz» hat die Professionalisierung der Sozialen Arbeit in der Suchtarbeit zum Ziel. In einem ersten Schritt soll mittels einer Fachpublikation eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Sozialen Arbeit in den Arbeitsfeldern der Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe gemacht werden. Darauf aufbauend wird in einem nächsten Schritt eine Tagung organisiert und die Resultate zur Diskussion gestellt und erste Empfehlungen formuliert. Anschliessend sollen weitere (forschungsbasierte) Entwicklungsschritte zum Thema lanciert werden.

Im Buch werden die Arbeitsfelder der Sozialen Arbeit sowohl im ambulanten, aufsuchenden wie auch stationären Setting der Suchthilfe und der Suchtprävention in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz dargestellt und diskutiert.

Die Herausgeber

Marcel Krebs Soziologe & Sozialarbeiter, wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW, Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit und bei Infodrog, Schweizerische Koordinations- und Fachstelle Sucht, Redaktionsleiter SuchtMagazin und Infoset.Roger Mäder Sozialarbeiter, Geschäftsleiter Forum Suchtmedizin Ostschweiz FOSUMOS, Koordinator Praxis Suchtmedizin Schweiz.Tanya Mezzera ist Sozialarbeiterin FH, Geschäftsleitungsmitglied der Suchthilfe ags und Bereichsleiterin der Suchtberatung ags, Lenzburg & Wohlen (Kanton Aargau, Schweiz).

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Das Open Acess Buch «Soziale Arbeit in der Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe der Deutschsprachigen Schweiz» hat die Professionalisierung der Sozialen Arbeit in der Suchtarbeit zum Ziel. In einem ersten Schritt soll mittels einer Fachpublikation eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Sozialen Arbeit in den Arbeitsfeldern der Suchtprävention und Suchthilfe gemacht werden. Darauf aufbauend wird in einem nächsten Schritt eine Tagung organisiert und die Resultate zur Diskussion gestellt und erste Empfehlungen formuliert. Anschliessend sollen weitere (forschungsbasierte) Entwicklungsschritte zum Thema lanciert werden.

Im Buch werden die Arbeitsfelder der Sozialen Arbeit sowohl im ambulanten, aufsuchenden wie auch stationären Setting der Suchthilfe und der Suchtprävention in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz dargestellt und diskutiert.

Die Herausgeber

Marcel Krebs Soziologe & Sozialarbeiter, wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW, Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit und bei Infodrog, Schweizerische Koordinations- und Fachstelle Sucht, Redaktionsleiter SuchtMagazin und Infoset.Roger Mäder Sozialarbeiter, Geschäftsleiter Forum Suchtmedizin Ostschweiz FOSUMOS, Koordinator Praxis Suchtmedizin Schweiz.Tanya Mezzera ist Sozialarbeiterin FH, Geschäftsleitungsmitglied der Suchthilfe ags und Bereichsleiterin der Suchtberatung ags, Lenzburg & Wohlen (Kanton Aargau, Schweiz).

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This book examines experiences in resource-limited settings, including Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and covers a mix of strategies to reduce hospital mortality in these settings. These include population-level and clinical interventions such as health literacy; clinical management guidelines around nutrition; guidelines and protocols for a multi-disciplinary team approach for surgical care; and improving hospital outcomes for elderly patients. The authors argue that robust quality-of-care systems, driven by evidence-based models/frameworks, are relevant in the matrix of solutions. Clinicians, health administrators, policy makers, academics, and students of public health and related disciplines should critically examine these strategies, inclusive of policy and programmatic interventions to reduce hospital mortality across the demographic spectrum in LMICs and other resource-limited settings.

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Data from the World Health Organization indicate that about 40 million people worldwide require palliative care each year. We must face this enormous problem with appropriate welfare policies and training of up-to-date and competent personnel. In this context, a book that collects the experiences of authors with diverse backgrounds, and operating in different settings of palliative care, can be added to the many editorial products on the subject. Over five sections, this volume addresses such topics as palliative care in children, infants, and gynecologic oncology patients; the role of the caregiver; the use of drugs; and ethics, organization, and policy issues. Although this book should not be considered as an exhaustive treatise on palliative care, the many topics covered and the experience and competence of the authors involved make it a useful tool for those who are already experts in the field as well as those who are studying this field.

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Tertiary care requires highly specialized doctors, medical experts, and equipment to care for serious or life-threatening illnesses in tertiary-level hospitals or similar specific centers. This book provides a comprehensive overview of tertiary health care, including case examples. Chapters address such topics as tertiary care in India, psychosocial care, treatment services in tertiary care, and much more.

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Written by physicians, epidemiologists, and scientists from a wide range of fields, The Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors - Understanding and Management is a comprehensive text on the global impact of diseases like Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative diseases, and traumatic brain injury, among others. It is organized into three sections: “Management of Risk Factors in Global Diseases”, “Management of Global Diseases”, and “Supportive Treatment Approaches in Global Diseases”. This book is a useful resource for health professionals, complementary and alternative medicine practitioners, educators, and students alike.

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This in-depth survey of salutogenesis shows the breadth and strengths of this innovative perspective on health promotion, health care, and wellness. Background and historical chapters trace the development of the salutogenic model of health, and flesh out the central concepts, most notably generalized resistance resources and the sense of coherence, that differentiate it from pathogenesis. From there, experts describe a range of real-world applications within and outside health contexts, from positive psychology to geriatrics, from small towns to corrections facilities, and from school and workplace to professional training. Perspectives from scholars publishing in languages other than English show the global relevance of the field.

Among the topics in the Handbook

• Emerging ideas relevant to the salutogenic model of health
• Specific resistance resources in the salutogenic model of health
• The sense of coherence and its measurement
• The application of salutogenesis in communities and neighborhoods
• The application of salutogenesis to health development in youth with chronic conditions
• The application of salutogenesis in mental health care settings

The Handbook of Salutogenesis summarizes an increasingly salient field for graduate and professional students of public health, nursing, psychology, and medicine, and for their instructors. It will also appeal to health-related academicians and professionals who wish to have a thorough grounding in the topic.

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This in-depth survey of salutogenesis shows the breadth and strengths of this innovative perspective on health promotion, health care, and wellness. Background and historical chapters trace the development of the salutogenic model of health, and flesh out the central concepts, most notably generalized resistance resources and the sense of coherence, that differentiate it from pathogenesis. From there, experts describe a range of real-world applications within and outside health contexts, from positive psychology to geriatrics, from small towns to corrections facilities, and from school and workplace to professional training. Perspectives from scholars publishing in languages other than English show the global relevance of the field.

Among the topics in the Handbook

• Emerging ideas relevant to the salutogenic model of health
• Specific resistance resources in the salutogenic model of health
• The sense of coherence and its measurement
• The application of salutogenesis in communities and neighborhoods
• The application of salutogenesis to health development in youth with chronic conditions
• The application of salutogenesis in mental health care settings

The Handbook of Salutogenesis summarizes an increasingly salient field for graduate and professional students of public health, nursing, psychology, and medicine, and for their instructors. It will also appeal to health-related academicians and professionals who wish to have a thorough grounding in the topic.

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This open access book is a thorough update and expansion of the 2017 edition of The Handbook of Salutogenesis, responding to the rapidly growing salutogenesis research and application arena. Revised and updated from the first edition are background and historical chapters that trace the development of the salutogenic model of health and flesh out the central concepts, most notably generalized resistance resources and the sense of coherence that differentiate salutogenesis from pathogenesis. From there, experts describe a range of real-world applications within and outside health contexts. Many new chapters emphasize intervention research findings. Readers will find numerous practical examples of how to implement salutogenesis to enhance the health and well-being of families, infants and young children, adolescents, unemployed young people, pre-retirement adults, and older people. A dedicated section addresses how salutogenesis helps tackle vulnerability, with chapters on at-risk children, migrants, prisoners, emergency workers, and disaster-stricken communities. Wide-ranging coverage includes new topics beyond health, like intergroup conflict, politics and policy-making, and architecture. The book also focuses on applying salutogenesis in birth and neonatal care clinics, hospitals and primary care, schools and universities, workplaces, and towns and cities. A special section focuses on developments in salutogenesis methods and theory. With its comprehensive coverage, The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 2nd Edition, is the standard reference for researchers, practitioners, and health policy-makers who wish to have a thorough grounding in the topic. It is also written to support post-graduate education courses and self-study in public health, nursing, psychology, medicine, and social sciences.

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COVID-19 is a pandemic that has forced many states to declare restrictive measures in order to prevent its wider spread. These measures are necessary to protect the health of adults, children, and people with disabilities.Long quarantine periods could cause an increase in anxiety crises, fear of contagion, and post-traumatic stress disorder (frustration, boredom, isolation, fear, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating).Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that can develop in subjects who have witnessed a traumatic, catastrophic, or violent event, or who have become aware of a traumatic experience that happened to a loved one.In fact, from current cases, it emerges that the prevalence of PTSD varies from 1% to 9% in the general population and can reach 50%–60% in subgroups of subjects exposed to traumas considered particularly serious. PTSD develops as a consequence of one or more physical or psychological traumatic events, such as exposure to natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis; wars, torture, death threats; road accidents, robbery, air accidents; diseases with unfavorable prognoses; complicated or traumatic mourning; physical and sexual abuse and abuse during childhood; or victimization and discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, or gender identity. It can also develop following changes in lifestyle habits caused by the COVID-19 epidemic.Thank you for reading the manuscripts in this Special Issue, "The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on the Quality of Life of the General Population".

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Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.

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Trans people suffer from significant health disparities in multiple areas, one of which is ​​public health. Real or perceived stigma and discrimination within biomedicine and healthcare delivery, in general, can affect trans people’s desire and ability to access appropriate care, thereby impacting their own health. The biggest barrier to both safe hormone therapy and adequate general medical care for transgender patients is the lack of access to care. Despite guidelines and data supporting the current transgender medicine treatment paradigm, trans patients report that a lack of providers experienced in trans medicine represents the single largest component inhibiting access. Transgender care is not taught in conventional medical training programs and very few doctors have the necessary knowledge and level of comfort. As such, this book provides up-to-date information on the health of transgender people. Chapters address such topics as standards for transgender care, the treatment of gender dysphoria, the lived experiences of transgender persons in Brazil and India, and much more.

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The chapters in this book contribute to the wide discussion on universal health coverage. The variety of topics discussed here confirms the importance of UHC for academics and health professionals and also the controversies and challenges of its implementation.I invite you to read the book and be involved in the discussions around the goals of universal health coverage.

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A global multidimensional concept, well-being is an important measure that is closely associated with quality of life. This book examines well-being concepts and measurements, related health theories and correlates of well-being, as well as gender and geographical differences. The authors explore the evidence on well-being policies, programs, and health interventions, in addition to issues of health advocacy, self-care, and healthy aging. They also examine global wellness perspectives in the context of planetary challenges and decolonization. As the authors share their unique perspectives, they bring to the fore the integration of cross-cutting themes of gender, human rights, social and environmental justice/equity and inclusivity, health promotion/settings, and healthy public policy. This book explores the diversity of philosophical and methodological perspectives on wellness and well-being. It further contextualizes the lived experience of the dimensions of well-being as experienced by the contributors across different regions of the globe.

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Women’s Health Problems - A Global Perspective demonstrates the outcome of a considerable evolutionary search for the improved human condition. This edited volume thoroughly examines fundamental aspects of women`s health focusing on environmental, social, and age factors. Esteemed contributors from various disciplines present critical analyses and evidence-based insights on topics such as reproductive and sexual health, menstruation, women’s and maternal diseases, healthcare access, gender-based violence, and systemic inequalities. The holistic approach postulates the involvement of the reproductive system in the total scenario of general health. Several reproductive disorders or gestational pathologies were known as a part of the programming of short- and long-term consequences. This work aims to inform and inspire readers, offering a vital resource for anyone committed to understanding and improving women’s health on a global scale. The chapters present knowledge on the programs providing general and reproductive health and contributing to longevity. Explore the challenges, triumphs, and the ongoing journey toward equitable health for women everywhere.

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The book Worldwide Wound Healing - Innovation in Natural and Conventional Methods develops a set of themes on the healing and treatment of complex wounds through evidence-based practice with innovations in the use of natural and conventional methods. It is an innovative way that promotes the integration of conventional and natural perspectives in wound healing, with a unique focus on the quality of life of the patient.

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